Patha zaka khumi chiyambireni kugwiritsa ntchito cannabis pochita zosangalatsa kudavomerezedwa kotheratu ndi dziko limodzi.Kodi mukuganiza kuti linali dziko liti?Ngati munati 'Urugauy', dzipatseni mfundo khumi.
M'zaka zingapo kuyambira Purezidenti Jose Mujicaanayamba dziko lake 'kuyesera kwakukulu', mayiko ena asanu ndi limodzi alowa nawo Uruguay, kuphatikiza Canada,Thailand, Mexico, ndi South Africa.Maiko angapo aku US achitanso zomwezi pomwe madera ngati Holland ndi Portugal ali ndi malamulo omasuka kwambiri oletsa kuphwanya malamulo.
Ku Australia, tatsalira pang'ono.Ngakhale pamakhala malingaliro pafupipafupi m'boma ndi m'magawo ndi maboma okhudza kuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito cannabis pamasewera, ndi gawo limodzi lokha lomwe lachita izi.Ena onse amakhala mu kusakaniza kovuta kwa madera otuwa ndi zosagwirizana.
Ndikuyembekeza kusintha zonsezi ndi - ndani wina -ndi Legalize Cannabis Party.Lachiwiri, adapereka mabilu atatu ofanana m'manyumba yamalamulo a New South Wales, Victoria, ndi Western Australia.
Malamulo awo, ngati ataperekedwa, amalola akuluakulu kukula mpaka zomera zisanu ndi chimodzi, kukhala ndi chamba m'nyumba zawo, ngakhalenso kupereka zina mwazokolola zawo kwa anzawo.
Kulankhula ndi The Latch, woimira chipanichi Tom Forrest adati zosinthazo zikukonzekera "kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito anthu ndikuchotsa kulakwa kwa cannabis mu equation."
Kusunthaku kumagwirizana ndi malamulo am'mbuyomu, omwe adaperekedwa ndi boma, ndi a Greens.Mu Meyi, a Greensadalengeza bili yokonzekerazomwe zingapange Cannabis Australia National Agency (CANA).Bungweli lipereka chilolezo chokulitsa, kugulitsa, kutumiza kunja, ndikutumiza kunja kwa chamba, komanso kuyendetsa ma cafes a cannabis.
"Otsatira malamulo akuwononga mabiliyoni a madola akulephera kupolisi apolisi, ndipo mwayi uwu ndikusintha zonsezo povomereza,"Senator wa Greens David Shoebridge adatero panthawiyo.
A Greens agwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso za Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission kuwonetsa kuti Australia ikhoza kulandira $ 2.8 biliyoni pachaka pamisonkho komanso kusunga malamulo ngati cannabis iloledwa.
Izi ndizochuluka kwambiri pamtundu wa phwando, zomwe zirinthawi zambiri kugwetsa malamulo ngati amenewa m'nyumba zamalamulo.Komabe, ngakhale olemba ndemanga osamala ngati Sky News 'Paul Murrayanena kuti akhoza kuwerenga zolembedwa pakhomaza malangizo a mtsutso wa dziko lino.
Chisankho chaposachedwa chaLembani Mwalamulo Phwando la CannabisMa MP ku Victoria ndi NSW, komanso kupambana kwa aphungu a Greens, kwapangitsa kusintha kwa malamulo a cannabis kukhala kosapeweka, akutero Murray.Kukankhira kwaposachedwa kwa boma ndi Legalize Cannabis kumangolimbitsa mkanganowu.
Izi zikunenedwa, kusapeŵeka kwa kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis kumakambidwa ndi chikhalidwe chotsutsana ndi poto cha 1960s ndi 70s.Palibe mwa maphwando omwe ali pamwambawa omwe ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri pazandale, ndipo kuvomerezeka kudzafuna chilolezo cha Labor.
Ndiye, kodi kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis ku Australia kuli kutali bwanji?Kodi mabilu atsopanowa adutsa bwanji?Ndipo ndi liti pamene dzikolo likhoza kuvomereza mankhwalawo?Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa.
Kodi Cannabis Ndi Yovomerezeka ku Australia?
Mwambiri, ayi - koma zimatengera zomwe mukutanthauza kuti 'zalamulo'.
Mankhwala a cannabiszakhala zovomerezeka ku Australia kuyambira 2016. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athe kuchiza madandaulo ambiri azaumoyo.M'malo mwake, ndikosavuta kupeza mankhwala a cannabis ku Australiaakatswiri akhala akuchenjezatitha kukhala omasuka pang'ono pamachitidwe athu.
Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala, komwe ndikosiyana kowoneka bwino,ndi Australian Capital Territory yokha yomwe idaziletsa.Popanda cholembera, mutha kunyamula mpaka 50gs ya cannabis mu ACT ndipo osayimbidwa mlandu.Komabe, chamba sichingagulitsidwe, kugawidwa, kapena kusuta pagulu.
M'maboma ndi madera ena onse,kukhala ndi chamba popanda kulembedwa ndi dokotala kumapereka chindapusa cha madola mazana angapo mpaka zaka zitatu kundende, malingana ndi kumene wagwidwa.
Izi zikunenedwa, madera ambiri ndi madera amagwiritsa ntchito njira yochenjeza anthu omwe apezeka ndi mankhwala ochepa kwambiri ndipo sizingakhale zokayikitsa kuti aliyense aimbidwe mlandu woyamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, cannabis imawonedwa ngati yoletsedwa pang'ono m'malo ena omasuka.Mu NT ndi SA, chilango chachikulu chokhala ndi munthu ndi chindapusa.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale sizovomerezeka, kukhala ndi cannabis kosavuta sikungawone kuti munthu wapalamula ku Australia.
Kodi Cannabis Idzakhala Liti Mwalamulo ku Australia?
Ili ndiye funso la $ 2.8 biliyoni.Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kugwiritsa ntchito cannabis kosangalatsa ndi kovomerezeka kale ku Australia, ngakhale kuli gawo laling'ono la dzikolo.
Pamlingo wa federal, kukhala ndi cannabis ndikoletsedwa.Kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa cannabis kumakhala ndi chilango chazaka ziwiri.
Komabe, apolisi aboma nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi milandu yotumiza ndi kutumiza kunja.Lamulo la Federal silimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a boma ndi madera pankhani ya cannabis,monga zapezeka muzochitapamene malamulo a ACT amatsutsana ndi malamulo a federal.Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi milandu yonse yaumwini imayendetsedwa ndi okakamiza boma ndi chigawo.
Chifukwa chake, apa pali momwe ulamuliro uliwonse uliri pafupi ndi kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis.
Cannabis Legalization NSW
Kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis kumawoneka ngati kotheka kutsatira zisankho zaposachedwa za NSW Labor Party komanso woyimira kale zamalamulo a Chris Minns.
Mu 2019, Prime Minister, Minns,adapereka mawu otsutsa kuvomerezeka kwathunthu kwa mankhwalawa, akunena kuti “chingaupangitse kukhala “otetezeka, osakhala amphamvu, ndi opanda upandu.”
Komabe, atayamba kulamulira mu March,Minns wachoka pamalo amenewo.Ananenanso kuti kumasuka komwe kulipo pakupeza mankhwala a cannabis kwapangitsa kuti kuvomerezeka kusakhale kofunikira.
Komabe, Minns adayitanitsa 'msonkhano watsopano wamankhwala,' kubweretsa akatswiri palimodzi kuti awonenso malamulo omwe alipo.Sananenebe kuti izi zidzachitika liti kapena kuti.
NSW ndi amodzi mwa mayiko omwe Legalize Cannabis adakhazikitsa malamulo awo.Nthawi yomweyo, atabwezeredwa chaka chatha.a Greens nawonso akukonzekera kukhazikitsanso malamulozomwe zitha kulembetsa cannabis mwalamulo.
Minns sanayankhepo kanthu pa Bill, komabe, Jeremy Buckingham, Legalize Cannabis NSW MP,wati akukhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa boma kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu.
"Iwo ndi omvera kwambiri, ndikuganiza, kuposa boma lapita," adatero.
"Ndithu tili ndi khutu la boma, kaya ayankhe kapena ayi m'njira yothandiza, tiwona".
Chigamulo: Mwina chovomerezeka m'zaka 3-4.
Cannabis Legalization VIC
Victoria atha kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi kuvomerezeka kuposa NSW.
Mamembala asanu ndi atatu mwa mamembala 11 omwe alipo pano a Victorian Upper House amathandizira kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis.Ogwira ntchito amafunikira thandizo lawo kuti akhazikitse malamulo, ndipali lingaliro lenileni loti kusintha kungakakamizidwe kudzera mu nthawi ino.
Izi zikunenedwa, ngakhale Nyumba Yamalamulo "yatsopano", Prime Minister Dan Andrews akhala akukankhira kumbuyo pakusintha kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis.
"Pakali pano tilibe malingaliro oti tichite izi, ndipo ndi momwe timakhalira nthawi zonse,"Andrews adatero chaka chatha.
Zikuoneka kuti, pakhoza kukhala thandizo lachinsinsi pakusinthaku kuposa momwe Prime Minister akuloleza poyera.
M'mwezi wa Marichi, mgwirizano wamagulu osiyanasiyana udafikiridwa, motsogozedwa ndi a MPs awiri atsopano a Legalize Cannabis, kuti.kusintha malamulo oyendetsa mankhwala okhudzana ndi odwala cannabis.Bili yatsopano, yomwe ilole anthu kulembera mankhwalawa kuti apewe zilango zoyendetsa ndi chamba chomwe chili m'dongosolo lawo, ikhazikitsidwa ndipo ikuyembekezeka kudutsa posachedwa.
Andrews mwiniwakewatero komabesanasunthike pamutuwu.Pankhani ya Legalize Cannabis Bill, Andrews adanena kuti "Malo anga ndi lamulo monga momwe alili pano".
Ngakhale adawonjezeranso kuti anali wokonzeka kusintha malamulo oyendetsa galimoto, "kupitilira apo," sakufuna kulengeza zazikulu.
Izi zikunenedwa, Andrews akunenedwa kuti alengeza kupuma kwake posachedwa.Wolowa m'malo mwake angakhale wokonzeka kusintha.
Chigamulo: Mwina chovomerezeka muzaka 2-3
Cannabis Legalization QLD
Queensland ikusintha mbiri yake pankhani ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.Kamodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi zilango zovuta kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito,malamulo akuganiziridwaamene angawone zinthu zonse zaumwini, ngakhale za mankhwala ozunguza bongo monga ayezi ndi heroin, zithandizidwe ndi chithandizo cha akatswiri, mmalo mwa chigamulo.
Komabe, zikafika pazamasewera a cannabis, kupita patsogolo sikukuwoneka ngati kukubwera.Pulogalamu yosinthira mankhwala pakali pano imagwira ntchito pa chamba chokha, chomwe boma likufuna kukulitsa, ndipo alibenso kulekerera mankhwalawa makamaka.
Zinkawoneka kuti padzakhala kupita patsogolo chaka chatha pameneMamembala a Queensland Labor adavota pamsonkhano wawo wa boma kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa mfundo za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis.Komabe, atsogoleri achipanichi adayankha ponena kuti alibe malingaliro achangu ochita izi.
"Boma la Palaszczuk ladzipereka kuti lifufuze momwe tingasinthire njira zoyendetsera milandu kuti apereke mayankho ochulukirapo pazachiwopsezo chochepa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi likuika chuma cha makhothi ndi ndende pazovuta zazikulu," adatero. kwa Act Attorney-General Meaghan Scanlonadauza AAP mu Januware, patangotsala mwezi umodzi boma lisanalengeze mfundo zawo zosinthira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Chifukwa chake, komanso ndi mfundo zomwe zikuyenda bwino kale, zingakhale zomveka kuganiza kuti kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis sikudzakhala kofunikira pakanthawi kochepa.
Chigamulo: Kudikirira zaka zisanu.
Cannabis Legalization TAS
Tasmania ndiyosangalatsa chifukwa onse ndi boma lokhalo loyendetsedwa ndi Coalition m'chigawo chonsecho ndipo ndi gawo lokhalo lomwe sililanga odwala omwe ali ndi cannabis chifukwa choyendetsa ndi kuchuluka kwamankhwala omwe amaperekedwa m'dongosolo lawo.
Apple Isle, monga Queensland,wapindula kwambiri kuchokera kumakampani azachipatala a cannabis, ndi opanga ambiri akutsegula malo ogulitsira pano.Mwakutero, mungaganize kuti boma lingamvere chisoni pamikangano yazachuma.
Anthu am'deralo komanso ndi ena mwa omwe amathandiza kwambiri chomeracho, ndikafukufuku waposachedwa wa dziko lonsekusonyeza kuti Tassie ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amaganiza kuti kukhala ndi chamba sikuyenera kukhala mlandu.83.2% ya a Tasmania ali ndi lingaliro ili, 5.3% kuposa kuchuluka kwa dziko.
Komabe, ngakhale kuthandizidwa ndi anthu komanso makampani, nthawi yomaliza mkanganowu udachitika, boma la boma linakana mwatsatanetsatane lingaliroli.
"Boma lathu lathandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cannabis yachipatala ndipo lakhazikitsa njira zowongolera zowongolera kuti izi zitheke.Komabe, sitigwirizana ndi zosangalatsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito cannabis mosasamala, "mneneri wa bomaadatero chaka chatha.
The Australian Lawyers Allianceadalemba malamulo omwe angaletse kugwiritsa ntchito cannabis mu 2021zomwenso boma linakanidwa.
Pakali pano, boma la Tasmania liliakukonzekera kutulutsa ndondomeko yake yatsopano yazaka zisanu ya mankhwala, koma sizikuwoneka kuti kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis kukhalapo.
Chigamulo: Kudikirira zaka zinayi (Pokhapokha David Walsh ali ndi chonena)
Malingaliro a kampani Cannabis Legalization SA
South Australia ikhoza kukhala dziko loyamba kulembetsa mwalamulo kugwiritsa ntchito cannabis.Kupatula apo, SA inali yoyamba kuletsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mu 1987.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, malamulo okhudza mankhwalawa akhala akugwedezeka m'nyengo zosiyanasiyana za kuphwanya kwa boma.Zaposachedwa kwambiri mwa izi zinalichivomerezo cha 2018 choperekedwa ndi boma la Coalition panthawiyo kuti akweze chamba kufika pamlingo wofanana ndi mankhwala ena osaloledwa, kuphatikizapo chindapusa chachikulu komanso nthawi yandende.Kukakamira kumeneku kudatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu kuti Loya wamkulu wa SA, Vickie Chapman, abwerere pambuyo ponyozedwa ndi anthu.
Komabe, chaka chatha, boma latsopano la Labor limayang'anirazosintha zomwe zikanapangitsa kuti anthu ogwidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'dongosolo lawo atayike chilolezo nthawi yomweyo.Lamuloli, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito mu February, silimapatula odwala omwe ali ndi cannabis.
Ngakhale chilango chokhala ndi cannabis chimakhala chindapusa chochepa, a Greenskwa nthawi yaitali akhala akukankhira kusandutsa SA kukhala nyumba ya “zakudya zabwino, vinyo, ndi udzu.” SA Greens MLC Tammy Franksadakhazikitsa malamulo chaka chathazingachite zimenezo, ndipo biluyo ikuyembekezera kuwerengedwa.
Zikadutsa, titha kuwona cannabis ikuvomerezeka ku South Australia zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.Koma ndicho chachikulu 'ngati', choperekedwambiri ya Premier ya kuphwanya malamulopankhani ya cannabis.
Chigamulo: Tsopano kapena ayi.
Cannabis Legalization WA
Western Australia yatsata njira yosangalatsa pankhani ya cannabis.Malamulo okhwima a boma amapangitsa kusiyana kosangalatsa kwa oyandikana nawo omwe apita kosiyana.
Mu 2004, WA idaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito cannabis.Komabe,chigamulochi chinasinthidwa ndi Premier Liberal Colin Barnett mu 2011kutsatira kampeni yayikulu ya ndale ya Coalition motsutsana ndi kusintha komwe adapambana.
Ofufuza adanena kuti kusintha kwa malamulo sikunakhudze kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amatumizidwa kundende chifukwa cha izo.
Prime Minister wakale Mark McGowan mobwerezabwereza adakankhira kumbuyo lingaliro loletsanso kuletsa kapena kuvomereza cannabis kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zosangalatsa.
"Kukhala ndi cannabis mwaulere si lamulo lathu,"adauza wailesi ya ABC chaka chatha.
"Timalola mankhwala a cannabis kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi kapena khansa kapena zinthu zamtunduwu.Ndiwo ndondomeko pa nthawi ino. "
Komabe, McGowan adatsika koyambirira kwa Juni, ndiWachiwiri kwa Prime Minister Roger Cook akutenga malo ake.
Cook atha kukhala wotseguka kwambiri pakuvomerezeka kwa cannabis kuposa McGowan.Mtolankhani wamkulu waku West Australia Ben Harveykuyesedwakuti Prime Minister wakale "sadzavomereza" cannabis chifukwa anali "mwina wanzeru kwambiri yemwe ndidakumanapo naye."
"Mark McGowan akuti sanasutepo, ndipo - mosiyana ndi momwe Bill Clinton adakana poyamba - ndimamukhulupirira," adatero Harvey pa podcast.Up Mochedwa.
Motsutsana,Cook adavomereza kale kuti amagwiritsa ntchito cannabis ngati wophunzira.Mu 2019, Cook adati "adayesa" cannabis koma panthawiyo adati, "Mogwirizana ndi Boma la McGowan Labor, sindikugwirizana ndi kuletsa kwa cannabis kuti agwiritse ntchito zosangalatsa, ndipo izi sizidzachitika pansi pa Boma lino."
Tsopano popeza ndi boma lake, zikuwoneka kuti sanasinthe.WA Deputy Premier Rita Saffiotiadayankha ku Legalize Cannabis Billponena kuti boma lake siligwirizana ndi ganizoli.
“Ife tiribe ulamuliro pa izi.Sichinthu chomwe tidatengera kuchisankho.Chifukwa chake, sitigwirizana ndi Bill imeneyi, "adatero Saffioti.
Harvey adanena kuti boma la Labor silikufuna kubwereza zolakwa zakale, kuwononga nthawi pazinthu zomwe amaziwona ngati zopanda pake komanso zopanda pake.
"[McGowan] anali membala wa nyumba yamalamulo mu 2002, aka kanali nthawi yomaliza kuti titsatire njira yoletsa cannabis - ndipo idasokoneza boma la Geoff Gallop kwa zaka ziwiri," adatero.
"Ntchito idawotcha ndalama zambiri zandale kotero kuti gulu la oponya miyala limatha kuyamwa ma cones popanda kukhala ndi bamboyo pamsana pawo."
Ndi ulamuliro wambiri m'nyumba zonse ziwiri, zikuwoneka kuti sizingatheke kuti ngakhale aphungu awiri a Legalize Cannabis alandire malamulo.
"Ndikuganiza kuti angakhale Prime Minister wolimba mtima yemwe angapange chisankho chofunikirachi chifukwa chayamba kale," atero a Legalize Cannabis MP, Dr Brian Walker.
Mwachiwonekere, watsopanoyo alibe kulimba mtima mokwanira.
Chigamulo: Gehena ikaundana.
Cannabis Legalization NT
Sipanakhalepo macheza ambiri okhudza kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis ku Northern Territory, poganiza kuti malamulo apano amagwira ntchito bwino mokwanira.Bola mutakhala ndi zosakwana 50gs za cannabis mu NT, mudzasiyidwa ndi chindapusa.
Territorianszikunenedwaena mwa ogula kwambiri chamba ndipo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wadziko lonse, ali ndi chithandizo chapamwamba pakuvomerezeka kwake.46.3% amakhulupirira kuti ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka, 5.2% pamwamba pa chiwerengero cha dziko.
Komabe, boma lomwe lili pampando la Labor, lomwe lakhala likulamulira kuyambira 2016, likuwoneka kuti lilibe malingaliro osintha malamulowo.Poyankha pempho la 2019 la Medical Cannabis Users Association of NT, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Woyimira milandu wamkulu Natasha Fyles adati "palibe malingaliro ovomereza cannabis kuti agwiritse ntchito posangalala".
Kuyambira pomwe Fyles adatenga udindo wa nduna yayikulu mu Meyi chaka chatha, wakhalapokulimbana ndi malingaliro omwe akupitilira Alice Springs ngati chigawenga.Lingaliro la kulimbikitsa mfundo yomwe imawoneka ngati 'yofewa paupandu' ikhoza kukhala kudzipha pantchito.
Izi ndi zamanyazi, kupatsidwaKusanthula kwa ABC kwawonetsakuti kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis kumatha kutsimikizira kukwera kwa zokopa alendo mderali, ndikubweretsa mamiliyoni a madola kudera lomwe likufunika thandizo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-20-2023