Sayansi Yodziwika Yokhudza Mapaipi a Galasi

Anthu atatulukira fodya, njira yoyamba yosuta inali kugwiritsira ntchito chitoliro.Tinganene kuti chitoliro ndi chida chotulukira fodya.Ndi fodya, chitoliro chinabadwa.Mbiri ya chitoliro ili ndi mbiri yakale.Monga chida chopangidwa ndi anthu cha kusuta, chakhala chikuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri.Poyamba, anthu akale ankagwiritsa ntchito miyala kupanga mapaipi, kapena kukumba mabowo awiri olumikizana pansi, n’kuwaika m’dzenje limodzi.ndi masamba a chomera choledzeretsa, wosuta amagona mu dzenje lina ndikusuta, kapena amangowaza mbewu izi pamoto, kukhala m'mphepete ndikukoka utsi woyaka ...
Chitoliro chabwino sichingokhala ndi luso lazojambula ndi mtengo wosonkhanitsa, komanso chimakhala paradaiso wofunikira wauzimu kwa "osuta chitoliro".Sikulinso kalembedwe kachikale kachi China, komanso mapaipi ambiri achizungu achizungu ochokera kunja.Kwa osuta zitoliro, chitoliro ndi ntchito yojambula, ndipo ali osankha kale pa kusankha zipangizo.Zinthu zopangira chitoliro ziyenera kukwaniritsa zinthu zambiri: kapangidwe kake kayenera kukhala kolimba, kopepuka, kosagwirizana ndi kutentha, kosatha kuyaka ikayaka moto, komanso kopanda fungo lachilendo pambuyo poyaka.Kukhudza kwanthawi yayitali kumamveka bwino komanso kowala…
Potengera kukoma kwa fodya, fodya wa chitoliro wapamwamba kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba abwino kwambiri a fodya okhala ndi kununkhira kopambana padziko lonse lapansi.Kufananiza mwaluso, kusintha kosatha, kunena kwake, ndudu nthawi zonse zimangokhala ngati "gargar" kukoma kwa ndudu, ndipo kusintha kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri kuposa fodya wapaipi, ndipo ndalama ndi nthawi zachepetsa anthu ambiri omwe sangathe kusuta, osasiya ndudu. , anthu ena akhoza kusuta Kwa moyo wonse, ndinkaganiza kuti otchedwa fodya anali chabe Virginia masamba a fodya (chinthu chachikulu cha fodya wa chitoliro chambiri, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogubuduza ndudu).
Anthu ambiri amene amasuta ndudu amazolowera.Ayenera kusuta nthawi zonse ndudu zambirimbiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito chikonga kuti awalimbikitse kukhala osangalala.Akamasuta, amakoka phula lalikulu la ndudu ndi zinthu zovulaza, zomwe zingawononge thupi kwambiri.Kusuta sikulowa m'mapapo, ndipo madzi amatha kusefa zambiri za phula ndi poizoni ndi zinthu zovulaza, kuchepetsa kuvulaza thupi.
Aliyense amene wasewerapo ndi mapaipi amadziwa kuti mipope yambiri ndi yamatabwa.Pofuna kupewa fodya woyaka kwambiri kuti asawotche chitoliro, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira "kutsegula chitoliro".Otchedwa lotseguka chitoliro amatanthauza makala particles, phula ndi zinthu zina sublimated pamene fodya kuwotchedwa, amene amaunjikana pa mkatikati padziko chitoliro.Mwa njira iyi, kutentha kwapakati pakati pa fodya ndi khoma lamkati la chitoliro kumatsekedwa bwino.Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti amalonda ena osakhulupirika adzagwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza wa carbon pre-carbon kuti aphimbe zolakwika za chitoliro chamatabwa chokha.Mosiyana ndi mapaipi agalasi, magalasi apamwamba a borosilicate osagwira kutentha amatha kupirira kutentha kwanthawi yomweyo pafupifupi 150 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kotetezeka kusunga zakumwa zotentha ndi zozizira.Izi zidzayamba kufewetsa pa 821 ° C, kotero zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusuta mokhazikika, ndipo siziwopa kuziwotcha zakuda kapena kuzikazinga.Mukayatsa fodya, mutha kuwona utsi ukukwera mupaipi kudzera mugalasi, zotsatira zake ndi zamatsenga kwambiri.